Functional, Business and Global Strategies Essay

a. The module focuses on the company’s/division’s business level strategies and global strategies. You will need to answer the following questions. Anheuser-Busch Inbev is one of the largest breweries in the world. â€Å"Currently, Anheuser-Busch InBev has a product list of more than 200 beers, including global best-sellers Budweiser, Stella Artois, Beck’s, multi-country brands like Leffe and Hoegaarden, and strong â€Å"local jewels† such as Bud Light, Skol, Brahma, Quilmes, Michelob, Harbin, Sedrin, Cass, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske, and Jupiler, among others that have helped to make the company so successful. In addition, to their own brands, AB InBev owns a 50 percent share in Grupo Modelo, which is Mexico’s leading brewers that own the global Corona brand. AB InBev also owns a 27 percent share in the China brewer Tsingtao. (Workman, 2009)† Since Anheuser-Busch InBev has a vast variety of markets throughout the world we could see different stages in the life cycle through these different markets. For example Western Europe has a Consumer resistant (declining stage of the life cycle). USA, UK France, Switzerland and Latin America have a mature market. Eastern and Central Europe have a market that consolidation considered life cycle and Africa, China, India and Indonesia have a fragmented or introductory life cycle. To be able to do the analysis we will be considering the beer industry life cycle stage as a whole, this stage according to the analyst, the life cycle stage of the beer industry and Anheuser-Busch Inbev has already entered it’s maturity stage. â€Å"In this stage product features may be enhanced in order to differentiate them from competitors, pricing is normally lower, distribution is more intensive, and promotion emphasizes brand image and product differences. (workman, 2009)† Ghebrial,2009) 1. Based on these product, market, or distinctive competency choices, what generic business-level strategy is your company pursuing? AB InBev has a chosen a differentiated strategy offering unique or distinctive products to many kinds of consumers, where their main focus is to gain market share from highly concentrated and competitive US markets and also to focus on international increasing potential markets expanding its global market. Because brands are the foundation of AB InBev, they place major value on their relationship with consumers. These strategic involvements can be traced back to the original establishments of both Anheuser-Busch and Inbev, before they merged. They established brand loyalty with their consumers and due to this AB InBev has chosen to focus their current and future investments on specific brands that have proven to be profitable. These specific brands have been identified as Stella Artois, Beck’s and Budweiser. â€Å"To date, the brands chosen have outperformed other InBev products and announced in the Q3 Press Release on November 6th, InBev had gained or maintained market share in eight of their ten markets† (AB InBev, 2011). As for the differentiation strategy AB InBev we should expect products to be renovated and innovation to be a high predominance in the company (e.g. updating packaging and brand image). As a whole AB Inbev plans to keep the original strategies that Anheuser Busch and Inbev had proven to be effective (differentiation strategy). (Ghebrial,2009) 2. Discuss how your company has attempted to develop a competitive strategy to protect its business-level strategy. For example, if your company is operating in an embryonic industry, discuss the ways it has attempted to increase its competitive advantage over time. If it operates in a mature industry, discuss how it has tried to manage the entry and rivalry. AB InBev has protected its own business-level strategy in many different ways. As a company[s main mission to be the greatest beer in the world, they have achieved competitive strategies to be able to protect their business-level strategies; Sprinkler Expansion strategy, Aggressive Marketing Strategy and Consumer Responsiveness Approach. Sprinkler Expansion Strategy As the world’s largest brewer, AB Inbev has the ability to compete in new and foreign markets as a strong threat. Due to their enormous capital and expansion-based strategy, they can enter any market as a challenger and shutdown competition to become the leading brewer in this market. As an aggregated note we can also see this in domestic or already dominated markets because due to economics of scale they can achieve differentiated products at a low cost. Aggressive Marketing Strategy AB InBev has been characterized in the US and in international markets as one of the most aggressive marketing in the world, these is due to their differentiation strategy and the sprinkler expansion strategy. AB InBev utilizes their extensive capital to capture as much as the market as they can and be able to be number one, in all markets they can. Another added value to this strategy is making all AB Inbev consumers brand loyal, this meaning that they can retain their customers. Consumer Responsiveness Approach Consumer responsiveness approach or Customer-focused approach is the strategy that maintains this brand loyalty through the brand. I believe that AB InBev is one of the best breweries that respond to consumers in every way. As we can see in the chart below AB InBev focuses on costumer responsiveness to assure their business-level strategy. Ghebrial,2009) b. Your company is already doing business in other countries. AB InBev is the largest brewery in the world, and has as a mission to be the world’s greatest beer company in the world. Having more than 200 brands and have expanded to more than 30 countries explains in simple statistics the growth pattern of this company. As they explicitly site in their Annual financial statement â€Å"At Anheuser-Busch InBev, we are focused on building a world-class consumer product company for the 21st century- and delivering on our exceptional potential for value creation through consistent top-line growth and expanding profitability in the world.† AB InBev has not only shown this through the last years but has a consistent growth pattern through the years, as we can see in the two pictures below, InBev the father company of AB InBev has grown through the years creating this brand loyalty and acquiring new companies to strive and become the greatest beer company in the world. (Ghebrial,2009) 1. What strategy is your company pursuing to compete globally? In your opinion, is this the correct strategy, given cost pressures and pressures for local responsiveness? The company has established a well rounded plan to be able to expand globally: Dream-people Culture platform, Right Brands, Right markets, Industry Leading Reach and Resources and Financial discipline. Dream-People-Culture AB InBev are able to drive the execution of their strategies because their unique platform. The people represent the major sustainable competitive advantage. The culture is based on accountability, integrity, continual improvement and mindset of doing the right thing for the long run. Right Brands The Brands constitute a big advantage, â€Å"†¦comprising one of the strongest brand portfolios of any consumer products company, including 14 brands with estimated retail sales value of more than 1 billion USD.† (AB InBev, 2011) The chosen brands entitle a great advantage in being able to expand into markets throughout the world. Right Markets The company positions itself in the right markets. A good share in most of the world’s premier markets for beer, â€Å"†¦including the industry’s most profitable beer market, as well as Brazil and China. (AB InBev, 2011)† The balance of their expansion and the fast growing emerging markets promotes profitability in the long-term. Industry-Leading Reach and Resources AB InBev has the ability to compete effectively on a global scale. Due to the Industry-Leading Reach and Resources, â€Å"including their presence in 23 countries and uniform processes that ensure consistent performance globally. (AB InBev, 2011)† Financial Discipline Another major factor in this global strategic plan, is the competency of cost efficiency, â€Å"which enables us to convert â€Å"non-working money† in areas as administrative overhead into â€Å"working money† to be devoted to investments in growth. (AB InBev, 2011)† 2. What major foreign market does your company serve, and what mode has it used to enter this market? Why is your company active in these markets and not others? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this mode of entry? Might another mode of entry be preferable? Holding business in 23 different countries, AB-InBev has developed number one or number two positions in diverse markets throughout the world, including North America, Latin America South, Latin America North, Western Europe and Eastern, Central Europe and Asia. As a major expanding company as we say in the previous graph, we state that one of the major entry modes of AB InBev has been steady in acquiring or merging with powerful companies in the market of interest to be able to compete in a number one or number two position. The company uses this mode of entry to be able to compete in the present market, use their capital and become the leading company in the market. Having the power and capital, they prefer to enter the market with global brands know to everyone like Stella Arlois and Budweiser, as well as to adopt the current â€Å"favorite† beer (e.g. Corona, Quilmes) to compete as a global and local company. As we can see AB InBev is in all the major markets of the world being successful in most of them, as their financial statement says, they search markets where they can provide extreme customer responsiveness and achieve profitability and growth. In the below graph we can see what companies AB InBev has acquired or merged with to for the most important markets in the six regions described before. AB InBev has chosen this method of entry, but there is one more specific entry mode that can be argued to be a better fit for the company and this is to form a wholly owned business in the new market. This could bring the benefit of owning all of the business and creating a culture of their own and being as successful as they have been in their home markets. In my consideration this would be a mistake and should not be done any other way than their original and current plan of expansion. By investing too much capital and taking the whole risk on their own they have a much better chance to take over other companies keep selling their top brands as discussed before and enter the market with their world famous beer, that have exceeded revenue expectations in the past.

Character Comparison †“Hills Like White Elephants” Essay

Both â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† center around two women who are repressed by their lives’ circumstances. However, outside of their feelings, their situations could not be more different. Miss Emily Grierson is trapped in a life of solitude, despondency, and desperation. The girl, or â€Å"Jig†, is equally as desperate, but her repression is not born of loneliness or restraint—it is the child of her freedom. Repression comes in several forms, but it will suffocate and consume you. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Miss Emily Grierson lives a life of quiet turmoil. Her life has revolved around an inexplicable loneliness mostly characterized by the harsh abandonment of death. The most vital imagery utilized by Faulkner demonstrates Miss Emily’s mental state. She, being self-imprisoned within the confines of her home, is the human embodiment of her house; Faulkner describes it as â€Å"†¦stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps—an eyesore among eyesores. † (Faulkner 308). Miss Emily is also decaying, but it is subtle and internal—the awful smell that begins to permeate from her dwelling is a reflection of the withering woman within rotting. Perhaps most tragically, Miss Emily’s isolation is far from self-inflicted. Her blind devotion to the ones she loves—her father, her lover, her home—only serves to further condemn her actions. Her neighbors’ disregard toward her inability to let go of her father after his death, despite the delicacy of her state, caused for her madness to fester. â€Å"She told them her father was not dead. She did that for three days†¦We did not say she was crazy then. We believed she had to do that. † (Faulkner 311). Their negligence of all the warning signs—even after her lover’s vanishing, the deterioration of her home, and Miss Emily’s inability to accept reality—was the most prevalent form of repression in this story. Contrariwise, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† does not deal with an imposed imprisonment. â€Å"Jig† is a young, modern woman who is faced with the decision of prolonging her freedom and the stability of her relationship or accepting motherhood and the responsibility that comes with it. It is not to say that motherhood is a prison; it is that motherhood would be the death of everything she loved, mainly travelling, and the very stability of her relationship with her lover, â€Å"the American†. â€Å"The American† says, â€Å"‘That’s the only thing that bothers us. It’s the only thing that’s made us unhappy. ’† (Hemingway 115) which unequivocally shows that the center of conflict inside of their relationship is the presumed pregnancy. There are several instances in the story that â€Å"the American† reiterates â€Å"Jig’s† options for her future. Although he expresses that he would support and love her no matter what the ultimate choice is, she feels conflicted and her pain, which builds throughout the story and as the conversation progresses, becomes more obvious. What is most interesting is, as his second thoughts about the unspoken abortion spike, her resistance to discuss the topic any further grows in tandem. Although the two heroes’ love for one another is evident, there is the aching uncertainty between them: Is there room for a child in their relationship built of travelling, drinking, and discovery? â€Å"Jig’s† repression, just like Miss Emily’s, is inevitable because of their presented circumstance. These stories are alike in the way of both of the women’s love for their current situation. Although Miss Emily’s heinous actions were intertwined with madness, they were based upon her love for her â€Å"sweetheart† and her father, disregarding herself. She is so frightened of facing the word without her beloveds that she would rather lie next to a long dead man than allow him to leave her. Comparably, â€Å"Jig† is also willing to put herself, and her needs, aside for the man that she loves. She is willing to set aside her doubts—even while the American begins to doubt what to do—to do what is best for them to survive as a couple. She simply states, to her lover’s dismay, â€Å"‘†¦I don’t care about me. And I’ll do it and then everything will be fine. ’† (Hemingway 116). In spite of her fears and apprehensions, she knew that it would only strengthen them in the end and shield them from more difficulties. â€Å"Jig’s† strength, just like Miss Emily’s, is undeniable. They both processed their feelings solely based on their own merits. However flawed either of them may have been, it is evident that their actions are driven by their human need for companionship. Their love for their respective partners trumps that of personal safety and perception. They are willing to risk everything, from their health to their freedom, just to have more time with their lovers. Therefore, both stories are ultimately romantic. In closing, both women had their hindrances that repressed them terribly. Fear and love, being the main motivating factors in these stories, showed themselves in many ways and sheltered the women through their personal struggles. However skewed Miss Emily or â€Å"Jig† could be perceived as being, they were still worthy of compassion; their respective actions towards preserving love were desperate, but also more than understandable. Love can drive people to do things that are out of character—or in Miss Emily’s case, insane—especially when one of the parties involved have lost a sense of their own being inside of it. With their love taking paramount over themselves in mind, their choices, despite what anyone might say, were acts of self-preservation. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Allison Booth, and Kelly J. Mays. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011. 113-118. Print. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Allison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011. 308-315. Print.

Plato and Nietzsche on Authority Essay

Nietzsche and Plato have many similarities in their discussion of political philosophy. Both dislike and hold contempt for democracy, and both favour a meritocratically chosen elite holding authority. There are even many similarities between the characteristics that they require in the group. However, there are differences too. Nietzsche doesn’t outline a strict theory of authority, as Plato does. His governmental ‘system’, although it hardly is, could be interpreted, and has been, in many different ways. And, although both of them think that they have justified their authority, there have been several discussions on to whether they are, and in what society they would be relevant. These discussions are perhaps at the core of finding the key differences and usable elements of their philosophies. The notion of authority can be discussed in two main senses. For one, it can be used to discuss a person or group’s right to rule. The other is when you talk of someone being an authority on a topic. Both of these involve the subordination of personal judgement to that of another and most political theorists would consider this subordination to be binding. One of the main problems is if you should surrender your own personal judgement independent of the content of the authority’s ideas – both Nietzsche and Plato would say that one should, as their leaders are both an authority on a topic and have the right to rule. When authority comes from knowledge, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the authority has power, for example as in a teacher trying to control a class at a school. However, in politics, an effective authority must be allied to power. If the authority is recognised, then it is de facto authority. If it is justified, then it is de jure authority, and most de facto authorities claim that they are both de facto and de jure. Plato and Nietzsche both argue for a de facto authority (sensibly – who wants to impose an authority that is ignored?) and they both outline what they believe to be justification for this authority. This justification is at the centre of much of political philosophy, as it is important to discover if the justification works. Authority differs, therefore, from justified power, as justified power in itself does not involve subordination of judgement – if they’re not recognised, then they cannot require that people follow their rule. Legitimacy is also an issue. In a democratic state, electoral fraud would lead to a leader being illegitimate: there is also no guaranteed way to prevent electoral fraud. However, as Nietzsche and Plato are both anti-democracy, illegitimacy this way would obviously be an issue. However, if either of their desired leaders were to ‘seize power’ (either by force or just accidentally falling into power), there would be definite issues with people who didn’t believe their justification. In this case, their authority could be considered illegitimate. Plato, especially in Republic, gives epistemology and metaphysics substantial roles in political philosophy. In Plato’s ideally just city, philosophers would gain power, or, at the very least, rulers would have to engage ‘sincerely and adequately’ in philosophy. Plato also suggests a rigorous training program for his philosopher-kings – they must have their emotions properly trained. Would this lack of emotion make for a good authority? Many would say that you cannot be emotional about your leadership because then your judgement would be swayed by too many subjective factors. However, the thought of a leader without emotion is particularly daunting – how would they know what would affect the population, and more importantly how? Emotions are an important part of human life, and a great leader would have to understand (and this would usually be best understood by feeling the emotions oneself) human life to be effective. Plato argues that this would co me from knowledge of the Forms, the perfect example of something – there is one for every notion that exists on earth. The Form of tables, the Form of emotions, or even the Form of drinks are all said to exist. The meticulous training includes imparting knowledge about these forms and prepares the mind for this abstract thought by rigorously training the rulers in mathematics. The philosopher’s knowledge of the Forms would include knowledge of the Form of Good, which is the ‘keystone of the system’, and therefore is essential for order. If one takes the Forms to be a true (or even just realistic) idea then it is sensible for a leader to understand what the true notion of good is. If one knows ‘good’ then one can use this mould to create a ‘good system’, which is surely more reliable than basing it on subjective ideas. The Forms are like a religion, which makes Plato’s system almost a theocracy (unlike the authority of Nietzsche) – and this has been implemented as a political system before. In the past, however, people have become dissatisfied with the religion that they are ‘forced’ to agree with. Atheism is becoming more and more accepted than before, as many new scientific discoveries render God less and less plausible, and as Nietzsche would put it, less useful as a concept. All this taken into account means that knowledge of the Forms probably wouldn’t be useful for an authority (especially in a modern era), but it is not necessarily a bad idea for an authority figure to be well versed in philosophy. Philosophy introduces abstract thought (like Plato suggested) and calls for knowledge in logic. Abstract thought is useful when trying to find theories that fit with the real world – where would physics and chemistry be without abstract thought concerning the atom? Another key question on the subject of religion was raised by Nietzsche. Is there anything that can be taken from religion, even if one wasn’t to be imposing religion onto a state, as Plato does? Nietzsche believes that, although religion in itself is too dogmatic and God is useless as a concept, the passion behind religion is admirable, and would be one of the key characteristics of his ‘new philosophers’. Nietzsche’s ‘new philosopher’, as opposed to the more traditional concept of Plato, would be more like a contemporary artist than a contemporary philosopher. They would not even necessarily be searching for the truth. These ‘new philosophers’ are the Ubermensch – and coupled with this ‘think outside the box’ attitude, they have a strong Will to Power, which makes them the perfect leader. They crave solitude, when independence is not necessary or normally preferred, which Nietzsche says is an example of exercising the will to power over oneself – he also calls it a ‘privilege of the strong’. Plato agrees, and says that the ‘philosopher follows truth alone’. These new philosopher ‘overmen’ don’t follow the rules that are currently put in place by Christianity and ‘slave morality’ like ‘self-sacrifice for one’s neighbour’ and ‘self-denial’. Similarly to Plato’s philosopher kings, these Ubermensch/new philosophers are uncommitted to anyone or anything, and they are not afraid to break the boundaries currently put in place by political authorities. ————————————————————————————————————- Of course, these philosophers that are in power must be significantly different from those that we call ‘philosophers’ today. Nietzsche says that ‘every great philosophy so far has been just the personal confession of its author’ – meaning that philosophy is subjective and just based and what you want to believe and think. Here, social class, education, religion, parents and friends all play a part in what you write down as your philosophy. As previously mentioned, Nietzsche wants to use people who a free thinkers, someone that yearns to be ‘set free from the crowd’. Plato agrees when Adeimantus says that ‘people who study philosophy too long become weird, roguish creatures, useless to society’ – philosophers aren’t currently as useful to politics as they should be, according to both theories of authority. There are other examples of when a more metaphysical concept has been implemented by an authority. Religious people often hold God (rather than the Forms or the free thinkers of Nietzsche) as the ultimate authority, and although we have discussed briefly the problems with making this the law of a state (as in theocracy), this religious politics may not be a bad idea. For example, if those with authority look to God for advice on political matters, it gives them a chance to think about and ‘receive information’ (either from God, or simply thinking it through in prayer, or even through the morals in religious scripture – this needn’t be a discussion of religious philosophy) about what may be the better decision. Obviously, if we take the Forms to be incorrect (as most people do), then God would be the ultimate good, which means that those that ‘understand God’ would have to hold the power, rather than philosophers. Of course, there has to be a line drawn between looking to God (or another spiritual being) for advice and forcing views on other people. Plato would argue that the people don’t know what is good for them, and so should trust whatever the authority says, but this isn’t a realistic idea for people of today, who have fought for free speech for centuries. Nietzsche would both agree and disagree with this. He would agree in that the Ubermensch are the only ones that can be truly rulers, and that the vast majority of people don’t know what’s good for them. However, he wouldn’t necessarily say that this was a bad thing, as if slaves are happy being slaves, then they have less of the Will to Power and therefore do (in a sense) know what’s good for themselves personally. Of course, even if we convert Plato’s theory on Authority to be based around any religious ideals then it is still an argument against democracy in that if an Authority must have something to be a ‘good’ ruler, there is no point in asking the untrained masses to vote for a ‘good’ ruler. They wouldn’t, presumably, be able to understand the Forms, or God, sufficiently enough to choose an Authority (or even understand that there could be an Authority) that would do the job to Plato’s standards. Another Plato’s philosopher kings rely on their knowledge of the Forms to provide their moral code, which is then implemented upon the Republic. The Form of the Good provides the perfect moral code upon which to base the real (material) moral code. This is one of the main reasons why Plato requires his rulers to have philosophical knowledge – they need to know the moral code upon which to base their own. Nietzsche, on the other hand, believes that everything is subjective, based on experience and opinion of the individual. This means that his philosopher supermen don’t need to implement a moral code; their only morals are the will to power. Even if this seems like a good idea within the context of Plato’s Republic, this Authority wouldn’t make sense in today’s politics. For example, there are many various types of religion, and within those religions, thousands of sub-sets. This means that, even without using the Forms, that this theocracy idea couldn’t be imposed without some force (the implications of which will be discussed later). Secondly, using one type of morality based on dogmatic principles wouldn’t hold sway for a similar reason – there would be complaints (or even uprisings) about the lack of freedoms this gives. These are practical reasons for the change not to take place. However, there are implications even if this were to be used in an ideal society (where all good ideas based upon an interchangeable ultimate value would be easily implemented with consequences). It’s not ideal, from many viewpoints, to force everyone to hold the same viewpoint (although Plato would argue that there is only one true viewpoint) and Nietzsche’s subjectivism would agree. Human nature would be indulged in an ideal world, if happiness was the ultimate value, and this calls for freedom to be a central concept of any Authority. Freedom to vote, to those in the UK, seems to be a basic human right with few restrictions. This means that democracy would seem to be part of an ideal society in pursuit of happiness. There are good reasons for this – we all have subjective opinions (as Nietzsche rightly said) and these need to be reflected in the way we are governed by an authority. For example, in most other situations, we would consult someone who we believe to be an ‘authority’ on a subject. If we are ill, we talk to a doctor. If we want to dine out, we will consult a restaurant critic. Therefore, it seems sensible to leave governmental decisions to those with political knowledge. However, the teaching of medicine is universally taught in a similar (if not identical) way – there is little room for a subjective opinion. The more subjective something is, the less we can trust it. The restaurant critic, for example, will sway our views either way, but it probably won’t be the final judgment. The reason it will still sway us is that there is still ‘good’ and ‘bad’ food. Politics, however, is different. Everything in politics is completely dependant on moral views, upbringing, teaching, the media and even the way your brain works. We cannot trust teachers of politics to be completely impartial when teaching the political theories. Teachers of religious studies are usually biased towards Christianity in this country, and politics teachers would probably be the same. People wouldn’t be happy with simply ‘going along with’ what the politicians say – that’s why people have died for democracy. Everyone has different views, and democracy is the best way to incorporate all (or most) of these when creating a government. There is, however, a problem with the amount of democracy to allow. The current system in the United Kingdom is for people to vote in a representative that they trust to make similar decisions to those that they would choose. Of course, the representative cannot be trusted to have exactly the same views, and therefore, should the vote be more open? If people were allowed to vote on any topic that interests them, what would happen? The government may be forced to ban petrol cars. The main question is, is it really democratic once elected? The system in the UK is not fully democratic. Plato would argue that the only way for a government to make truly ‘right’ decisions (and therefore decisions that the public would have to agree with – there’s nothing to disagree with if something is ‘right) is for them to know ‘good’ – be trained in abstract thought and philosophy. So democracy, to be worthwhile, perhaps needs to be more democratic, or Plato and Nietzsche have the right idea. Jeremy Bentham famously associated utilitarianism with democracy – he believed that one vote per person would lead the ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’. This is because human nature naturally tends to lead us towards pleasure, as opposed to pain. And, because everyone has this same desire towards pleasure, democracy would effectively allow all of us to vote for pleasure, so to speak. This seems like a more feasible idea than relying on someone who, although in theory ‘doesn’t have personal interests’, probably would be biased. Humans do tend to avoid pain, so an open vote would lead us away from pain. Change Nietzsche quotes on asceticism! Another important feature that both Nietzsche and Plato mention in their political philosophy is asceticism. Nietzsche mentions that the tests of self-deprivation that (Christians mostly) pervade Western society are bad – â€Å"wherever religious neurosis has appeared on earth, we find it tied up with three dangerous dietary rules: isolation, fasting, and sexual abstinence†. However, further on in Beyond Good and Evil, he seemingly changes his mind. He advocates â€Å"appropriating, injuring, overpowering those who are foreign and weaker; oppression, harshness, forcing one’s own forms on others, incorporation, and at the very least, at the very mildest, exploitation† which would surely induce suffering, especially when considered with a modern mind. He then goes on to say in 270 that â€Å"Profound suffering ennobles; it separates.† Even earlier on, in 40, he says that â€Å"everything deep loves a mask† – surely a sign of internal suf fering is being hidden? Presumably, ‘deep’ is a good thing, as his description of his ‘new philosophers’ necessitates that they are ‘deep’ creatures. Plato, on the other hand, consistently advocates an ascetic lifestyle, especially when he is discussing his people in authority. They do not care for pleasures of this world: those of body or money. We can apply the same thoughts to asceticism as we can to Plato’s philosopher without emotion. If a leader doesn’t care for pleasures of this world, then surely they cannot truly understand the pleasures of this world – whether they are philosophers or not. If the authority was supposed to be similar to a Christian God, then it would be omnipotent, and therefore know and understand everything a priori. However, neither Plato nor Nietzsche advocates a Christian God as the best authority – and neither of them suggests that the leader would be omnipotent. Therefore, it would make sense to disagree with asceticism on the grounds that it would cause the perfect leader to have a lack of understanding about typical human pleasures. It will be evident by now that Nietzsche (and Plato, to an extent) advocates an oligarchy (albeit meritocratic) – both place small groups of people in charge of the general public. They both have similar attitudes towards democracy, as well. Plato dismisses democracy – he thinks that ‘liberty’ (557b) and equality (558c) lead to a break down of all the essential characteristics of a philosopher-king. Evidently the very existence of a ruling class of philosopher kings is controversial to the central themes of democracy. ‘liberty’ leads to a lack of self-discipline. He doesn’t believe in ‘equality’ as some humans are superior. Nietzsche has a similar idea – he mentions that â€Å"Every enhancement in the type â€Å"man† up to this point has been the work of an aristocratic society†, which shows that he believes that an ‘aristocratic’ society will further man’s development. Although Plato seems to advocate a meritocratic oligarchy (although he wouldn’t admit it), he doesn’t recommend that his republic be based around money (also known as a plutocracy) where a small group of rich people, similar to an aristocracy, rule the lower classes. This would lead to an economic inequality between classes, which would create an environment which leads to and breeds beggars and thieves. It could also lead to a revolution between the rich and the poor. Another argument against plutocracies occurs in chapter VIII, Socrates says that wealth doesn’t allow a pilot to navigate a ship, so wealth wouldn’t allow an authority to rule a republic. Money seems to be a key problem with many theories of authority. It is often said that money corrupts people, so it could be argued that in any governmental system where the authority gets paid or is chosen because of its wealth would be corrupt. However, it is not practical to impose this – most people associate power with money either subconsciously or consciously. The authority, even if chosen democratically, would want some reward for having to rule a country, and money is the usual and probably most desired reward. In ‘The Prince’, Machiavelli justified using force to gain and retain political power, and it, therefore, justifies any actions simply done to gain power. This may, of course, have influenced Nietzsche, who also advocates gaining power by force. In 257, he mentions that every ‘noble’ (not in the typical sense) civilisation has descended from ‘barbarians’, and that any decent (and therefore aristocratic) society ‘requires slavery’. Plato agrees with this, he says that the ‘most majestic society and man’ is ‘tyranny and the tyrant’. Although there are sections in The Republic where Plato seems to advocate violence, such as 465 where he says ‘Arguments can be settled with fists, there and then, as they arise’, when he discusses his perfect State he seems to believe that it will just come into being. For example, in 502, he mentions that the only way it could come about by a philosopher ‘wiping the slate of human habits and society clean’. This could, obviously, mean the annihilation of the human race, but it seems to mean just cleansing the mind of incorrect ideas. He then acknowledges that putting it ‘into practice would be difficult’ – which it wouldn’t, if they just forced people into obeying, which makes it seem like he hopes that one day, it will happen, but he is not going to force it. More examples of this anti-force opinion occur when he is discussing the types of government that he is against – timarchy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny. He explains that oligarchy and tyranny can only come about by using force – ‘private wealth’ means that people feel that they have the right to ‘keep the populace down by force’. Democracy, he believes, causes excessive liberty, which then causes its own downfall. From this comes a tyrant, who ‘is not afraid of murder’ and ‘stirs up war’. Another point he makes is that ‘it is simply never right to harm anyone at any time’ – which obviously is a specific way of showing his feelings on violence and this would apply to taking a country or state by force. Of course, this helps to illustrate a key difference between power and authority. For example, we all have in us the physical strength to murder (although, obviously, we don’t usually have the mental state to want to do it) and this is power in one sense – just like a dictator killing thousands of people because he can. However, an authority differs from this in that it would be classed as capital punishment. So what is the difference? Why does an authority have the right and others do not? If an authority is de jure (with justification) – although it may be difficult for some to think when murder would be justified – then all its actions could be seen as justified by proxy, as if an authority is justified, the decisions they make would be somehow related to the reason they are in power. For example, Plato justifies his philosopher-kings by saying that they are the only ones who can have true knowledge of the forms, and, if this is true, then they know the Form of Good. So, if they murdered someone, then it would be based upon something they’ve seen in the innate Form of Good. The balance between freedom and authority comes into question when discussing issues like the above. Even though the authority may be justified on its own terms, it may not be necessarily right. Using Plato as an example again, the theory of the Forms is now commonly thought to be incorrect, and people wouldn’t accept that as a reason to allow capital punishment. Even if there was a truly irrefutable source of justification, people will always have differing views, especially on such an important topic. So how does an authority find the perfect balance between power and authority? Authoritarianism is a social theory popular with dictators and the like. It supports, at the totalitarian end of the spectrum, the total subjection of personal opinions (usually through oppression) and enforcing strict control upon those that live in the state. It often involves what many political philosophies would see as an erosion of civil rights and freedoms – lack of a private life and suppression of religious beliefs, for example. Obviously, there are differing degrees of authoritarianism and even the most democratic and liberal state must exercise its authority upon those within the state, but finding the right balance is important. Both Nietzsche and Plato advocate the subordination of those under the command of the philosophers, which means that their theories would be less easily accepted today than they would have been in the past. As previously mentioned, people have fought (and still are, particularly from the 20th century until today) for their civil rights and this includes their freedom, which means that an authoritarian government, like those advocated by Nietzsche and Plato, would be more difficult to impose today than ever before. This calls into question obedience to the state. The more democratic the state, the more free speech and dissent is usually allowed. However, as neither Plato nor Nietzsche advocate democracy, it is required to understand when disobedience would be allowed. Of course, both would say that their state would be obedient at all times, but this is unrealistic. In a theocracy, the state executes the law of God. In Plato, God can be easily exchanged for ‘The Forms’. However, what would happen if people were to disagree with Plato’s theory, as many do? Would they be justified in breaking the law of something that they don’t believe in? A true authority would mean that the law would either be unbreakable morally or that their authority was so powerful that people could not, or would not, break the law. However, as has been seen, it is difficult to see where Plato or Nietzsche’s arguments would lead to such an authority. Although disobedience of the law is obviously illegal, sometimes mass disobedience, in the UK at least, can lead to a change of law. Plato would disagree that this is even possible. If duty to the State is accepted, it is still possible to find examples when the law can be disobeyed. As the duty of the state is to protect the people (and, for my example, this includes their freedom), state infringement of this freedom could cause the person involve to break the law to retrieve their liberty. Another issue arises (in the case of democratic government and perhaps in Nietzsche’s subjective government) in that if the majority part enforces a law, should the minority who didn’t vote be forced to follow it? It wasn’t their choice for that law to be enforced. Of course, with major things that infringe on human rights, like murder and domestic violence, should be universally enforced, but what about poll tax and property protection? If it was enforced by a government of authority that imposed itself, this could be an issue in that it is unfair to enforce laws that almost all of the population disagree with. In some cases, it could be considered immoral, but Plato would disagree, as the Rulers are following the only moral code that exists. Plato’s philosopher kings rely on their knowledge of the Forms to provide their moral code, which is then implemented upon the republic. The Form of the Good provides the perfect moral code upon which to base the real (material) moral code. This is one of the main reasons why Plato requires his rulers to have philosophical knowledge – they need to know the moral code upon which to base their own. Nietzsche, however, believes that everything is subjective, based on experience and opinion of the individual. This means that his philosopher supermen don’t need to implement a moral code; as previously mentioned, their only moral is the will to power. Nietzsche never specifically argues for a government system like we have today. For example, he mentions that his free spirits should be in power, but also says that religion should be allowed for the common people. This shows, slightly patronisingly, that he is not expecting the ‘common’ people to understand the rulers (much like the lower classes today are note expected to understand politics) which is obviously a very sweeping judgement, and could be considered as harsh and pro-Big Brighter – in support of a tyrannical state. Although Nietzsche did support tyrant, he did appreciate the subjectivism of morals and opinion, and was not advocating forcing ones views upon others (unlike Hitler). His lack of respect for democracy is not the only thing that calls into question modern government. He doesn’t even specify if there should be a (totalitarian?) leader at all, merely that the free spirits would ‘hold power’ as such. His appreciation of subjectivity means that a leader would not strictly work: all views are different, so no leader would be truly right. The free spirit seems merely to be an authority to show others with the will to power what they can achieve. Conclusion Both of these systems involve elements of the totalitarian about them. Plato seems to advocate both communism in monetary matters and lifestyle and the complete opposite when it comes to defining differences between peoples. He argues strongly for different classes of people, like Nietzsche, and for an authority that is placed in power with no choice. It’s not as bad as it seems, if one agrees with the justification of the argument – however, it would be a long struggle for people to accept it. Nietzsche, on the other hand, has often been blamed for inspiring Hitler (which is untrue, as Nietzsche despised racism and anti-Semitism), and it is easy to see why, as he advocates gaining authority by force, relishes in aristocratic barbarianism, and believes that there are ‘levels of people’. This means that their theories on authority aren’t very practical, and neither de jure or de facto, particularly by modern standards. A preferable system, therefore, would be a mix of Plato’s equality for women, Nietzsche’s appreciation for the artistic nature, and †¦ (include other philosophers). Of course, it’s unforeseeable to be able to find a perfect authority, one who is justified, true, moral and recognised. As Nietzsche said, all philosophy to date has been ‘personal confession’ – if this is true (which it seems likely to be), then there will never be a perfect authority, justified and recognised by all.

Role of Management Functions in the Activities of Apple Inc Essay

Role of Management Functions in the Activities of Apple Inc - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that management of an organization should do their responsibilities in a systematic manner and for that reason, they are performing some specific functions for the overall benefit of an organization. The systematic functions start from the function of planning. Before implementing any strategy a proper planning is required. Formulation of company’s objectives and goals can be done at this stage. Managers forecast the future situation of business and according to that anticipation and they take decisions for achieving success. For example, management of Apple Inc. is planning to add more security measures for protecting the interest of users. When someone wants to get access to the user’s data then company send a notification to the user by using e-mail. This new i-Cloud security measurement increases the popularity of the electronic products manufactured by Apple Inc. An organization is the 2nd layer of the functional activities of a management team. Organizing the team members and allocating the work as per their capacity and knowledge is very important. From this part, work is actually started by the end of the organization. Apple Inc. organizes its human resources, financial resources and technical resources in a multi-divisional way. Management of this company classifies activities and after that distributing the work into different divisions. Employees of this company never work outside of their expertise and each employee has to work more than 60 hours per week. The function of leading involves communicating, guiding, encouraging and motivating employees in a certain manner. In case of Apple Inc., major decisions and most of the directions are made by the senior management of the company and employees do not have the right for taking major decisions in their work. Leaders of this company involved in talent management activities. They guide the employees through several advanced training and developme ntal programs.

Crime in the Perception of Right-wing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Crime in the Perception of Right-wing - Essay Example Right-wing criminologists fears the uncertainty of criminal behavior on the ground of racism, ethnicity and inequality and labels crime on the basis of social settings. While it is certainly true that right-wing political efforts are not always vague to obey traditional values, it does not follow that right-wing promotes fundamental school of thoughts in ceasing crime. In the course of this paper, we will discuss critically on what grounds crime spreads malaise and to what extent right wing draws a distinct line between causes and efforts to control crime and right-wing criminologist and the moralist. This will be further analysed in the light of critical criminological theory, which elaborate and assesses various efforts done in order to prevent crime. The rest of the analysis will critically analyse right-wing perspectives on violence, thereby locating the roots of criminality in the individual. This analysis will center around the realist aspect of the right-wing criminologists, t hat categorise crime under the heading of 'right realism' and relates more to a realistic view about the causes of crime and deviance than to a particular set of methodological principles. Right-wing criminologists, being strictly conservative perceive criminality in the context of those attempts that control and prevent criminal behavior. Therefore they possess the opinion that suggests solutions to the crime problem as couched in terms of a clear distinction between criminals and non-criminals, such that the behavior of the former has to be visualised as punishable. The contemporary economic and political scenario of any society reveals the extent to which most people are law-abiding and some criminals experience fear and predict an anticipated economic collapse among individuals, during times of economic uncertainty. Since right-wing never consider the economic consequences as the causes to spread crime, they perceive crime as policy-oriented institution which works in the absence of common culture and ethics. While blaming that criminals are due to our permissive social policies that allow unnecessary freedom to our society, they blame immigrants solely responsible for spreading malaise. The claim that right-wing conservatives believe that individuals are solely responsible for their acts and must be punished accordingly, arise two notions. First, that individuals are the cause of events that effect them, and secondly, the fact that individuals are responsible for making the most of the situation, in which they find themselves suitable to commit any crime. This explanation fits into the 'non-native' immigrants' who, robs the social sector from white-collar jobs and social security. Right-wing explanations about crime includes social policies which provides the right-wing thinkers an edge to contemplate upon the notion that by invariably attaching considerable weight to changes in social conditions as methods of 'reducing' crime, we are able to cease crime. Now, 'reducing' crime refers to 'reducing' the number of foreign immigrants to a country, i.e., to strict the

Nursing leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing leadership - Essay Example The perception of nursing is fundamentally described as the execution of clinical practices for the motive of facilitating every individual to enhance well as recover from different difficulties relating to their health. The major aim of nursing is to promote health along with growth and also to prevent the individuals from any sort of disease or injury. However, the other purposes of nursing include assisting speedy recovery of the individuals or the patients, facilitating independence in terms of health, complying with the needs of the patients and most importantly enhancing the well being of the individuals (Royal College of Nursing, 2003). Apart from the purposes, the notion of nursing entails certain significant responsibilities. It can be stated in the similar context that the responsibilities include performing physical examinations of the individuals or the patients, delivering health education along with counseling and managing care in association with different healthcare p rofessionals (Meleis, 2011). In this discussion, the significance, effectiveness as well as the applicability of nursing leadership on patient and staff outcomes in contemporary clinical practice contexts will be taken into concern. Discussion The term ‘leadership’ is principally described as a comprehensive procedure of recognizing a specific aim as well as motivating other people to perform deliberate activities for the purpose of attaining the desired objectives. Moreover, the notion of leadership is also defined as a method in which an individual broadly influences a collection of people or individuals in order to accomplish the common objectives (Northouse, 2009). The aspect of nursing leadership is defined as those activities which are usually performed by a nurse practitioner for enhancing the health as well as the safety of the individuals or the patients. The different leadership capabilities of a nursing leader comprise frequently consulting with the patients about their health, appropriately administering their treatments, making valuable decisions and coping up with the problems which arises within the team members or multidisciplinary colleagues. In relation to the aspect of leadership, it has been apparently observed that the various qualities of an effectual nursing leader encompass courage, integrity, initiative and most significantly possessing the capability to manage stress. Additionally, the other characteristics of a nursing leader are making effective communication with the team members or the multidisciplinary colleagues, incorporating new as well as creating innovative ideas, making deliberate work planning and encouraging staff participation within the background of healthcare settings (Frankel, 2008). The term ‘applicability’ is generally described as relevant or appropriate which may be applied in order to attain any significant response. Furthermore, the term can also be defined as a premeditated activity o f applying any sort of sensible applications for a particular purpose. The application of different methods as well as logical planning schemes can ultimately support the organizations along with their leaders to attain the preferred objectives successfully. The objectives may include attaining considerable market share, enhancing the profitability and accomplishing a significant competitive position over the chief market contenders (Medina, 2002). Conversely, the term ‘effectiveness’ is primarily described as the capability of accomplishing a desired result by the implementation of various policies or procedures. The term also depicts the extent towards which the goals are attained and the degree towards which the targeted difficulties are solved (Waldt, 2004). The significance, applicability as well as the effectiveness of nursing leadership on patient and staff outcomes in contemporary clinical practice context relates to the important fact that a ‘clinical nur se leader’ plays an imperative part in enhancing the hea

Watersheds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Watersheds - Research Paper Example Mississippi river has watershed called Mississippi watershed which flows in the United States of America. The river emerges from the western part of Minnesota and flows southwards at 4,070 km/hr towards the delta of the Mississippi river. It has a number of tributaries that drains to approximately 31 states within the United States of America between the Appalachian Mountains and the rocky extending to the southern Canada region .The River Mississippi-according to the order of rivers-is positioned as the fourth longest and tenth largest river in the world (Carluer and De Marsily 87). Watersheds have since played a key role (Naiman 78) in various scientific studies on the impacts of anthropogenic and natural phenomenon on the quantity and quality of water. The effects of silviculture and agriculture have always been outlined basing on watersheds. Data to evaluate the effectiveness of various ecological regions on the basis of Watersheds have been used by researches in places such as C oweta .A number of people mind less to the safety and source of their drinking water implying little concern is put on domestic water channeled to their homes on the basis of treatment. In addition, prior awareness should be availed to people on treatment process the water they consume undergoes. Since water is life, clean water is paramount to every individual and issues concerning the degree to which water meant for consumption is cleaned should never be looked at with little respect. This view serves to limit the extent to which non-clean or un-treated water affects the livelihood/health of the parties concerned though many people have taken cleanliness of water/non-cleanliness of water at the expense of their health concerns for granted. This essay in particular will give an analysis of Mississippi watershed within Mississippi River with a goal of enlightening the society on the scientific process of water treatment and water resource forms within their reach. Carluer and De Mar sily (95) refer to a watershed as that specific area of land that drains into river, stream, lake or other types of water bodies. Watersheds can either be large or small. For instance a small stream located in neighborhood may consist of a watershed. The Mississippi watershed of the Mississippi river covers approximately 31 states which represent about two thirds of the North America (Naiman 78). Figure 1: Mississippi watershed in Mississippi river (Schertzer, 124) In this case take an example of a small stream located at the top of the mountains. The watershed of this specified stream will be constituted by few underground springs and precipitation runoffs resulting from the lands that are up above the stream. As a result the stream continually flows down the hill and drains far and wide to bigger water bodies which include larger rivers, lakes and streams before finally discharging into the oceans and seas which significantly posses watersheds that are larger. It is important Howe ver, to point out that all watersheds be it large or small have complex processes arising from the presence of chemical compounds that in a way or the other may impact on the quality of water being drawn and used by the human fraternity for various reasons and usages. Sivapalan (2266) argues that the human population does not only use water for their domestic needs i.e. cleaning, cooking and drinking but also for cleaning and draining their waste systems. To attain proper sanctity of water and good levels of hygiene, treatment plants, dams and pipes have to be put in place to safeguard the water before and after it is directed to the homes of people in the society and also to factor

Argument Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Argument Analysis - Essay Example In order to build an excellent and convincing argumentative essay it is necessary for the writer to take in account various aspects that are involved in the construction of a good essay. This includes the tone, style of writing, use of statistical data and the art of building an essay on the basis of the data collected, targeting and securing an audience for his essay etc. similarly the author of this article is also observed to be using such techniques as a result of which his essay provides the readers with a lot of a variety of aspects to be explored. The approach used in depicting this essay is explicit because the article deals with a critical topic that can have hazardous affects if remedies are not taken. This essay reflects the writers concern for his environment as well as the health of his fellow beings because he tries to convince the readers about the adverse effects of using fossil fuels in contrast to the benefits of nuclear power plant. ... Yet at the same time analogies and facts are used to compare and contrast the state of his country with other governments without confining the comparison to a particular country. As mentioned in the article, ‘other governments are enthusiastically embracing nuclear power as a way to lessen their greenhouse emissions and their dependence on imported oil. Hence the writer’s point of view depicted in this article is not only acceptable but also gives the readers food for thought and consequently results in convincing them. The article very tactfully states all the pros and cons of starting a new power plant. The essay strategically first talks about the importance and the benefits of nuclear power plants and gradually moves towards the amount of risk and finance involved in this essay. So this gradual descend from the glory to the risk is a good strategy on the writer’s part. As states, ‘†¦with advanced designs, new construction techniques and strong over sight should be even safer†¦ The tab for a new reactor can run as high as $7 billion to $8 billion, and overruns can add more. There is a long lead time before a plant starts selling power and paying returns. The target audience of the writer appears to be the investors of the private sector as well as the government officials who are responsible for providing assistance to the citizens of the country in beginning a new venture. The tone of the essay is formal since the target audience is also the group of investors and the government officials. The use of formal tone helps in enhancing the over all impact of this article on the readers since the purpose of this article is to attract the citizens of

A Dolls House Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Dolls House - Research Paper Example â€Å"A Doll’s House† which is a scintillating play, was written by Henrik Ibsen during the period of the ‘Naturalism Movement’ and revolved around the women of the 19th century society. The basic premise of the play was the portraying of women in different gender roles and how they looked after their families by staying at home. In sharp contrast to Ibsen’s poem is Larkin’s poem ‘Home is so sad’. In this poem, the poet expresses the dark vision of home and of human solitude. In this essay an attempt is being made to find out how the poem ‘Home is so sad’ relates to the play ‘A Doll’s House.’ Body Most of Ibsen’s plays depict the struggle between individuals for an authentic identity of their own. This struggle rests against the backdrop of a tyrannical society, with the individual on one hand, and their families and society on the other. In ‘A Doll’s House’, Nora is the chief protagonist in the play and represents such struggling women, suppressed by society. Larkin’s poem on ‘Home is so sad’ also has a melancholic atmosphere as he deals with some of the negative aspects of life such as loneliness and disappointment. Both these works though moody and pessimistic in approach never fail to engage its audiences because it helps them to identify themselves with its characters. The playwright and the poet have attempted to express their thoughts and ideas through the eyes of society. Women in the 19th century were expected to be the typical stereotype subservient housewife, but one would be surprised at the turn of events in Henrik Ibsen’s play. Women in those days were hardly educated and hence were very easily relegated into a corner and never came forward to voice their opinion. Nora was one such stereo type who was controlled by her husband Torvald Helmer, who was very controlling and he looked upon Nora as one of his resp onsibilities. In the beginning of the play, Nora accepts her doll-like existence, with no identity to call her own. In fact , Nora seemed to like being treated like a child and used this technique to get what she wanted. According to Shaw "She has learnt to coax her husband into giving her what she asks for, by appealing to his affection for her: that is, by playing all sorts of pretty tricks until he is wheeled into an amorous humor" (Shaw, 226) However, according to Clement Scott "Helmer's attitude towards his child-wife is natural but unreasonable" (Scot, 222).   While pinching her ear he calls her using pet names like squirrel and mouse, but he clearly understands that she is a â€Å"positive hindrance to his ambition† (Scot, 221) This clearly reflects the attitudes of ancient society filled with suppression. In Phillip Larkin’s poem, ‘Home is so sad’ we find the same gloomy atmosphere of existence depicted by the loneliness that is experienced. We s ee this sadness in the following lines of the poem. bereft Of anyone to please, it withers so, Having no heart to put aside the theft (Phillip Larkinn, Home is so sad,) www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/16659 The inhabitants of the house have left and all that remained was loneliness and memories that brought remembrance of the times shared there. In the same manner, in the play ‘A Dolls House’ Nora goes about her duties as a good mother despite the emptiness she feels in her existence, and agrees to do whatever Torvald asks her to. â€Å"Yes, whatever you say Torvald† (Ibsen, 872) However, when she finally decided to leave, she bravely confronts him saying, â€Å"I’ve lived by doing the tricks for you Torvald.† (Ibsen, 919) She understands that her life with Torvald was like a dolls house and they had been lying to each other about their love, which was no more than a facade.

Speech Course Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Course Reflection Paper - Essay Example Thus, rational speech gains instant approval and favor irrespective of the cultural diversity present in the audience. Meticulous development, planning and analysis of speech/communication are necessary steps to gain attention and trust of the listeners. Truth cannot be told in a simple straight forward manner and in a flat tone. It requires careful analysis of situation and audience. Moreover, meticulous selection of words is required to deliver the ‘right message’ to the intended audience. Blunt truths can damage personal reputation and can hinder the process of understanding on the part of listener. They tend to obstruct the speech of speaker and listeners act according to prejudged criteria (pessimistic perception). Once, I took a stance in a challenging situation and I was perceived antagonist instead of a person who stood by truth. Through, persuasiveness, special occasion speaking and informative speaking lessons I learnt that establishing a proactive stance is necessary to deliver intended purpose of one’s speech. Furthermore, defensive, judgmental, skeptical and aggressive tone conveys a wrong impression even if the person is stating true facts. Moreover, slanted and biased questions intricate the possibility of rationality at all and it is highly significant to keep the questions clear and concise, so one can establish good impression and gains immediate listening attention. Controversial truths or facts before delivery need to be concealed or mixed with many aspects like appreciation, acknowledgement and open-ended hypothesis for the audience in a neutral and pleasant tone. Hence, it is extremely necessary to avoid trite sentiments through subtle use of language and to initially analyze the type of audience one intends to communicate with. Ethnical specific agendas cannot be understood aptly in a diverse cultural audience. They are often misunderstood and give a

Twentieth-Century art Essay Example for Free

Twentieth-Century art Essay In 1902 Boccioni left Rome to study the Impressionists in Paris; later, in 1904, he settled for some months in Russia with a family he had known in France. Through a trip to France in the autumn of 1911 Boccioni had become familiar with Cubist techniques. This new experience helped him to achieve a more autonomous artistic language in which the fragmentation of color was combined with a deeper perception of space. With time Boccioni was evolving an image of staggering physical power, and explored different means of expression. In his The City Rises of 1910-11 (Fig. 1), a painting of intense ambitiousness, done just at the threshold of his breakthrough into Futurism, it is quite apparent that he was indebted to Cubist inventions for the depiction of a fractured space and the breaking down of forms across the picture plane. But to this he adds something the Cubists had noticeably shied away from: color – the kind which illuminated and even decomposed forms in Impressionist painting with its resonance and brilliance. According to the art critic, Rosenblum, Boccioni still prolifically utilizes here a modified Impressionist technique whose atomizing effect on mass permits the forceful symbols of horse and manpower to slip out of their skins in a blur of moving light (Rosenblum, 1996). Figure 1 Umberto Boccioni The City Rises, 1910-11 Oil on canvas 6 ft 6 1/2 ins x 9 ft 10 1/2 ins Museum of Modern Art, New York In this work, painted in a half-naturalistic style and made up of dots and whirling strokes of vibrant color, forms, light and color melt into frenzy of simultaneous activities, each actively pursuing the other for clarity and visual authority. The result is something like visual noise, where each gesture or diminished form takes on the personality of a boisterous shout in a turbulent crowd. The artist attempts to express not merely people moving but movement itself and the collective emotion of the crowd. The relentless activity of The City Rises typified the one of the sides of Boccioni’s character where the brooding, emotional qualities of an artist were not easily suppressed. In the City Rises against the Milanese urban background of smoking chimneys, scaffolding, a streetcar, and a locomotive, enormous draft horses tug at their harnesses, while street workers attempt to direct the animals’ explosive strength. Robert Rosenblum in the book Cubism and Twentieth-Century Art describes pictorial means of â€Å"realizing this veneration of titanic energies and industrial activity† utilized in the painting as anachronistic and focuses on â€Å"the prominent role given to horse power† as on a symbol of that anachronism (Rosenblum, 1996, 180). Yet it appears that radical Boccioni’s treatment of forms within this Cubist space was actually much more conservative than that of his less political friends Picasso and Braque, and he never completely let go of the descriptive character of his work. On the other hand, Boccioni was at some pains to distinguish his movement from that of Cubism. As he saw it, the Cubists were merely projecting as simultaneous onto the plane of the canvas the sequence of aspects from which the object was viewed, whereas the planes of Futurism emanate from the dynamic interior of desolidified objects (Antliff, 2000, 722). When war was declared, he, like many of his Futurist comrades, immediately enlisted and joined the Lombard Cyclists Brigade. After short pause he returned to military service and shortly after was accidentally thrown from his horse during the cavalry training exercise and died following day, aged 33 (Osborn, 2001). It is so ironic that a Futurist should have met his death by being thrown from a horse, when his propagating of speed and dynamism would have recommended a more suitable vehicle, like an automobile or an airplane. Even more ironic seems the fact that the horse was a kind of leitmotiv of Boccioni’s art. In The City Rises immense flamboyant horses energize the foreground while some rather poky buildings rise in the background. It is with reference to the horse that Boccioni explains the principles of Futurism. â€Å"A running horse does not have four legs,† he writes in Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting, â€Å"It has twenty, and their movements are triangular. † (Boccioni et al. ) And perhaps the greatest irony of all was the artist’s welcome embrace of the First World War as a â€Å"cleansing† of culture. However, with the horrors of the First World War, Futurism died too. Works Cited Antliff, Mark. â€Å"The Fourth Dimension and Futurism: A Politicized Space. † The Art Bulletin v. 82 no. 4 (2000): 720-33. Boccioni, Umberto, et al. Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting. 1910 http://www. unknown. nu/futurism/techpaint. html (accessed April 12, 2007). Osborn, Bob. â€Å"The Pre-Futurist Years. † Futurism and the Futurists. http://futurism. org. uk/boccioni/boccframes. htm (accessed February 25, 2007) Rosenblum, Robert. Cubism and Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1966 Taylor, Joshua C. Boccioni. New York: Double Company, Inc, 1961.

Effective Ways to Improve English Essay Example for Free

Effective Ways to Improve English Essay English is important since it is a well known language and has frequently been referred to as a world language. Comfort with English is almost a prerequisite for success in the world today. Regardless of the industry, proficiency in English is an important factor in both hiring and promotion decisions.Being a student in College, English is the major language to communicate with our lecturers, friends and strangers in college.Most of the subjects are written by English too. We must practice to speak English in college so that we can communicate with other people with proper English and even we can gain more marks when we are having a presentation and our oral test in college. First is what most people would advise: read.You can read story books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, comics, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements, etc. Read books whose subjects interest you, and try if possible to get some advice on whether the books you have chosen are written well. Beside that,Reading alone is not enough. I really do think that Malaysians have to develop the dictionary habit. I have observed how reluctant so many Malaysians are to look up a word in a dictionary to find out its exact meaning or meanings. Be best friends with English dictionary. We can use Oxford, Collins, Cambridge, etc. This is such a pity, because never before have we had so many free dictionaries available, on the Internet. So please take advantage of that! Some of them even pronounce the words for you if you click on the right icons. Next,Listen to English songs. Read the lyrics as you listen to the songs.Although just listening to a song in English can be a good way of really learning the words of the chorus in an easily memorable way, if you want to really get something out of listening to English music you will need to take sometime to read the lyrics of the song with a dictionary. If the lyrics are not given in the CD booklet, you may be able to find them on the internet.if We listen and read at the same time or sing along to them, this can be a good way of understanding how sounds change in fast, natural, informal speech. Other than listen to songs ,Watch English movies with subtitles also is a good way of learning English. Not only to have a fun time watching the movie, we would be learning new words at the same time and knowing how to pronounce them . Then try watching without them as you gain confidence. How about improving our writing? If we have no tutor or a friend to help us, One traditional way to make sure you write every day in English is to write an English diary. whenever feel happy or upset or angry about something, try to write how our feel in diary.This is where we can write anything in it. But if you do write something you wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t want others to read, make sure you hide it somewhere safe! We can also write about neutral stuff like the places you went that day, what we ate, who we met, what we did, etc. on the other hand,we can Start a blog in English. This is also one way for us to practice our writing. Blog on something that we love. Even for people who dont have to write in English, writing can be a great way of properly learning the kind of vocabulary you need to describe your own life and interests, and of thinking about how to stop making grammar mistakes. The problem most people have is that they dont know what to write about. Besides blogging, try joining online forums, engage in online chatting and more. In addition,learn a new word a day. Keep your own vocabulary notebook and write a new word and its meaning in it every day. Refer to it as often as possible so that the new words will stick in head.We can Improve our Vocabulary by Useing the dictionary to learn new words or an electronic dictionary if cant afford to turn the pagesso much or cope with the small handwriting. An electronic dictionary has synonyms and antonyms or a thesaurus included in it, so its a great deal. Not to mention it corrects your spellings if you enter the word whose meaning you dont know wrong.Never lose the interest to learn new words. Always keep up the practise.A lot of us have studied English in school and are fairly comfortable with reading and writing. However, we hesitate while speaking because we feel that we lack the fluency and may make grammatical mistakes. We are afraid of speaking English in formal situations and we are quick to switch to our native language once we are in the company of our fa mily and friends.peak the language whenever you can. Speak it with friends and family. Don ¡Ã‚ ¯t be shy to try speaking the language. Don ¡Ã‚ ¯t be afraid that others will tease us. In fact, they ¡Ã‚ ¯ll admire us for our courage and confidence. In conclusion,these are the ten most effective ways to improve our English. If you have extra money to spend, you can even sign up for English courses, English camps and so on. Remember Don ¡Ã‚ ¯t get stressed out when it becomes a little difficult,most important piece of advice is: Do something (anything). If you dont do anything, you wont get anywhere. Make it your hobby, not a chore, but above all have fun!

Strategic Position of Baker Hughes Incorporated

Strategic Position of Baker Hughes Incorporated Baker Hughes is a combination of baker international cooperation and Hughes Tools Company in April 1987. A provider of formation evaluation , drilling, completion, production and reservoir consulting to the oil and gas industry with its operations into two Hemispheres, eastern with five regions (Asia pacific, Russia/Caspain, Middle East, Europe and Africa), western with four regions (US Golf, Latin America, US Land and Canada) with 35,000 employees in 90 countries. Setup The aim of this report is to critically evaluate the strategic position of Baker Hughes Incorporated and how its emerging technology in well completion may impact on the future position of the organisation. Background The company is very wide in oil and gas industry, provides reservoir consulting, formation evaluation, drilling, completion and production products and services to the worldwide oil and gas industry. The purpose of this course work is to explore the area of well completion products and services. Baker Oil Tools is a section of Baker Hughes in well completion products and services, its technologies, planning, and approach to avoid risk, reduces production, intervention cost, and extend the life of well. The scope and depth of reliable completion solutions allow you to create the ideal conduit from formation to surface, regardless of your well type or operating environment. This is the key to getting the most returns. For high-rate, big-bore completions to multizone, openhole horizontals in shale gas multilaterals, our completion systems are improving and minimizing life of well cost. The technology associated with this section of the oil and gas industry are artificial lift systems, permanent monitoring system, chemical injection system, integrated operation, wellbore construction and completion, specialty chemical and management. Baker Oil tool is responsible for the provision of equipment, services from its completion phase through the productive life of oil and gas wells. Wellbore intervention products and services are to produce the asset, deals with troubleshooting drilling problems, improve maintenance, and restore economical production. Technologically based tools used in wellbore intervention are tubing fishing system, casing exists, wellbore cleaning and temporary abandonment. (Baker Hughes 2010). 2.1 Profile Baker Hughes (Wikipedia 2010) provides reservoir consulting, formation evaluation, drilling, completion and production products and services to the worldwide oil and gas industry. It has made impact in the oil and gas industry in providing reliable, practical solutions when and where to its customers to reduce costs, risk and improving on its productivity. From reservoir to the refinery, they have created value with high-performance products and services to analyze, drill, evaluate, complete and produce oil and gas reserves and then transport and refine the hydrocarbons. Innovation has been part of Baker Hughes, through conceived ground breaking inventions that has revolutionized the oil and gas industry. They have advanced and searching for solutions to conquer the next frontier in areas such as: Differential performance, Regions and geomarkets, Technology, Technical expertise, Drilling and evaluation, Completions and production, Fluids and chemicals, Reservoir technology and consul ting services. It is a top-tier oilfield service company with a century-long track record which delivers solutions that help oil and gas operators make the most of their reservoirs that provides reliable, practical solutions when and where to their customers at lower costs, reduce risk and improve productivity and helps oil and gas producers by providing practical technology to find, develop, produce and manage petroleum reservoirs. (Wikipedia 2010) 2.2 Mission Strive to build an inclusive culture that values the diversity of our global workforce and sustains an environment in which employees can develop and reach their ultimate potential. 2.3 Vision Global team of diverse, talented, and results-driven people makes Baker Hughes the company of choice for our employees, customers, and communities. ENVIRONMENT The environment comprises of two segments namely the Internal and External Environment. Internal This part of the environment explores the organizations mission, vision, purpose and value, stakeholders and power, culture, organizational balance, process and competence, etc 3.1.1 Stakeholder Stakeholder can be a person, group, organization, or system who affects or can be affected by an organizations actions. According to the definition above, Baker Hughes stockholders comprises of the management, customers, suppliers, government agencies, staff, local community, shareholders, political parties, union, trade association, owners, financial community, activity group, customer association and group, media. Baker Hughes stockholder service is managed by Mellon Investor Services, a transfer agent and registrar who assist in managing the investment, keeps record of every outstanding stock certificate and the name of the person to whom it is registered. When stock changes hands, the agent transfers the ownership of the stock from the sellers name to the buyers name. At the end of each day, they reconcile all transfer records and makes sure that the number of shares debited is equal to the number of shares credited. It also uses the stockholder records to pay dividends and issue proxies. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.1.2 Stakeholders map Low INTEREST High GROWTH Customers, Union, Media, Trade Union, media Staff, Top Management, Shareholders, Financial Community, Suppliers, Local Community, Customers Government, Shareholders, Management, Political Group, Financial Community Customers, Local Community, Media, 3.1.3 Culture Company culture is the unique qualities of the organisation. It determines how the workers act, energy contributed to overall teamwork, innovation, technology, customer service, productivity, problem solving and quality. Baker Hughes delivers performance at well site through application of technical knowledge, practical experience, and dedication to quality service. This company has built a very high performance culture, based on its Core Values of Teamwork, Integrity, Performance and Learning. Programs in baker Hughes are introduced to encourage, recognize and reward perfect execution at rig site. Baker Hughes field performance is supported with worldwide operations networking organized around specific product lines, to enable best in class planning, logistics, equipment repair and technical service. With the structure of Baker Hughes culture, shareholders can raise opinions and resolve it together, acting on new opportunities, move into new one and, creative in direction. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.1.4 Balance of the Organization This segment describes the balance of the product and services of Baker Hughes as a company. High SHARE Low GROWTH High Revenue, High Market Share Low Revenue, High Market Share High Revenue, Low Market Share Low Revenue, Low Market Share The Market Growth versus Market Share interprets the organizational balance of Baker Hughes, its growth in product and services, and Market Value. Efficiency and Effectiveness increases their value. Baker Hughes is a supplier of wellbore-related products and services provide products and services for drilling, formation evaluation, completion and production, and reservoir technology and consulting to the worldwide oil and natural gas industry. Baker Hughes business is dependent on the capital of its customers, expenditures, dedication to field development and production, oil and natural gas exploration, customers expectations for future oil and gas prices, economic growth, hydrocarbon demand and current and future oil and natural gas production. The balance of the organisation and its operations is organised into a number of geomarket regions, which report to nine different region presidents, then report to two hemisphere presidents. Product-line marketing and technology report to the president of products and technology. The presidents of Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, Products and Technology, Vice President of Supply Chain report to Chief Operating Officer of the comp any. This organizational structure is intended to strengthen client-focused operations by moving management into the countries where its businesses are conducted. The product-line is responsible for product development and manufacturing, technology, marketing and delivery of solutions for customers to advance reservoir performance. While the supply chain is responsible for development of cost-effective procurement and manufacturing of products and services. (Wikipedia 2010) According to Deaton C. C., (2010) Quarter three was a good quarter for Baker Hughes. Our Drilling and Evaluation segment reported record revenue, record operating profit and record operating profit margins with 44% year-over-year incremental operating profit margins. Accordingly, we will continue to invest in manufacturing capacity, make additions to our rental fleets, and hire and train field engineers to support our customers needs through the end of the decade. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.1.5 Process / Value In Baker Hughes, integrity is the foundation of their individual and corporate actions in honesty, trustworthy, respect and ethical in our actions which drives an organization. The values of baker Hughes are the basis for maintaining a common culture. These cultures are: Integrity, Teamwork, Performance, and Learning. Teamwork enhances their individual abilities and strengths to achieve a common goal. Performance excellence, focusing on things that are important drives the results that differentiates baker Hughes from other competitors in the oil and gas industry. Learning in an environment where benchmarking and adopting best practices is the key to achieving the potentials of individual and the company. According to Bradfield, D. H., (2010) The Company specialises in the design and supply of process packages and completely integrated systems for oil/gas production, refinery waste water treatment, petrochemical and power generation markets. Baker Hughes business is basically in two segments namely drilling and evaluation, and completion and production. The drilling and production provides product and services used to drill and evaluate oil and gas wells, drilling and completion fluids, directional drilling services, measurement while drilling (MWD), logging while drilling (LWD). The completion and production segment provides product and services used in the completion and production phase of oil and gas wells. Its basically offers wellbore construction, casedhole completion, sand control and wellbore intervention solutions. (Baker Hughes 2010) EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT This section of the organisation is where either the structure, strategy is affected or both. 3.2.1 Five Forces Analysis Five forces analysis looks at five key areas namely the entry, power of buyers, power of suppliers, the substitutes, and competitive rivalry. New Entrants. There is a lot of oil and gas servicing companies all over the earth, barriers to entry into this industry are numerous to scare away the new companies. They vary depending on the area of product and service, market the company is situated. If we consider a company to supply pumping trucks needed at well sites which will very costly at a rate of one million pounds each. While other areas of the oil and gas business requires skilled manpower to handle this equipments. This category of company in the oil and gas sector such as these have higherÂÂ  barriers to entry thanÂÂ  those offering just drilling, support services or services. Sufficient cash is another big barrier to entry. New companies need to have sufficient money to displace the existing ones. These factors are also considered; The economical value, the high or low cost of entry, ease of access to distribution channels , cost advantages not related to the size of the, will competitors retaliate, government action, h ow important is differentiation. , very high if there are few but big players in the industry, the rate of cost reduction when switching customers is always low. Suppliers. ÂÂ   Baker Hughes is one of the leading oil and gas company in the world, much of this section of the business is dominated by powerful companies. Their large amounts of huge capital investment tend to weed out suppliers of rigs, refining pipeline. No much of competition, but have significant power over smaller drilling and support companies. Buyers. Power tends to go towards the buyer but almost all commodities there are no much difference, the buyer goes for where prices are low and a better contract term. Substitutes. ÂÂ   These are generally alternative to oil which includes solar power, wind power, gas, coal, biofuel, nuclear energy and hydroelectricity. Oil is not powering automobile, it is very useful in other materials like plastic. Baker Hughes can withstand the treat of substitute because of its specialty in areas directional drilling and seismic drilling. This company is critically analysed because of their product and services. Rivalry. ÂÂ   The slow rate at which these oil and gas companies grow is what is facing most of them. Almost every company in this industry can do one thing; there is a high exit barrier in the oil and gas companies. Aside of the companys scrap value of the equipment, if it not operating, then, it value-adding capability.ÂÂ  Baker Hughes major rivalry is Slumberger, Halliburton and Weatherford. This is most likely to be high where entry is likely; substitute products, suppliers and buyers intend to control the market. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.2.2. PESTL NEW ENTRANTS DEEP WELL OIL GAS. INC. SUPPLIERS AMOS INTERNATIONAL TEK OCEAN VTT MARITIME BUYERS ATLAS COPS, NORTH AMERICA COMPETITORS HALLIBURTON WEATHERFORD SCHLUMBERGER SUBSTITUTE BIOFUEL 3.2.3 VALUE CHAIN DIAGRAM Support Activities of the company FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE: Administration, Legal, Financial Management, Accounting HUMAN RESOURCES: Training, Recruitment, Personnel, staff planning PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY: Production Engineering, Market Testing, RD, Product and Process Design, Drilling Engineering PROCUREMENT: Specification, Funding, Supplier Management, Subcontracting Inbound Logistics Operations Outbound Logistics Sales and Marketing Servicing Supply Schedules, Raw material, Controls, Receiving, Quality control, Equipments Production control, Manufacturing , Packaging, Quality control, Drilling, Well Completion Delivering, Invoicing, Order handling, Dispatch, Finishing goods Promotions, Market research, Sales analysis, Order taking, Customer Management Education and Training, Upgrades, Maintenance Primary Activities of the company. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT is the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of a firm and the environmental Opportunities and Threats facing a firm. SWOT analysis is a technique, which is widely used by managers to analyse a companys strategic situation. Baker Hughes effective strategy is derives from its internal resources (strengths and weaknesses) and its external situation (opportunities and threats). If accurately applied, baker Hughes has powerful implications for the design of a successful strategy. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) FACTORS Internal Strengths Steady financial performance Strong RD capability Wide product portfolio Wide geographical presence Weaknesses Lack of scale Settlement with DOJ and SEC External Opportunities Growth in global oil and gas drilling Acquisitions of BJ Services Nova Technology Corporation Energy services in China Deepwater Technology Threats Intense competition Risks associated with conducting business outside the US Economic slowdown in the US Seasonal fluctuation Renewable energy Baker Hughes is focused on expanding in high growth regions like Russia, Middle East, capitalizing in high oil price, profitability in the Middle East is far guaranteed. Baker Hughes is learning to swim in deeper waters which is a new demand in oil and gas industry. In deepwater technology, drilling is expensive and oil is drilled thousands of feet below sea level. Seasonal fluctuation poses a threat to baker Hughes profits. Renewable energy also poses a threat to baker Hughes demands. (Datamonitor 2008) STRATEGIC POSITION OF BAKER HUGHES Baker Hughes has invested on people, infrastructure and technology. It served as the foundation for the next of strategy action designed to help increase market share and achieve a long-term profitable growth. Their strategic position is in three-phase Improve customers focus; by improving management diversity and quality, establish market segment to facilitate communication across the enterprise, reorganisation, customer segmentation and people strategy. Achieve operational effectiveness; hiring of the first chief information officer to lead enterprise wide information team, Outsourcing certain finance operations to reduce cost and improve efficiency, Hiring of vice president of supply chain to establish an enterprise approach to supply chain function, e.g. manufacturing, purchasing and logistics. Optimize product portfolio; Build out reservoir technology and consulting group. Targeted research, development and engineering spending in global network of technology on key projects, Establishing of three project centers, namely completion and production; fluid and chemicals; drilling and evaluation. Filling of significant gaps in product portfolio in areas like pressure pumping through the merger and acquisition of BJ Services and its product lines which are; INTEQ: provides drilling and formation evaluation. Baker Atlas: wireline logging services e.g. advanced formation evaluation, production and reservoir engineering, petrophysical and geophysical data acquisition. Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids: Fluid system and services e.g. optimise drilling and completion process, maximise hydrocarbon production and manage drilling waste. Hughes Christensen: provides Tricone TM and PDC drill bits, ream while drilling and casing drilling technology. Baker Oil Tools: completion, intelligent production and intervention solution to manage cost and reduce risk while maximising reservoir. Centrilift: artificial lift systems e.g. submerging pumps ESP, specific engineering, project management, well monitoring services. Baker petrolite: chemical technology solution for hydrocarbon production, transportation and processing, delivers pipeline integrity services. (Baker Hughes 2010) NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN WELL COMPLETION INTERVENTION Baker Oil Tools, world leader in well completion and intervention solutions. Division of Baker Hughes, which provides completion through Packers and Flow Control, Subsurface Safety Systems, Liner Systems and Wellbore Isolation, Sand Control Pumping, Tools, and Services, Tubing-Conveyed Perforating, Systems. This branch of baker Hughes is sealing and anchoring technologies, planning, risk avoidance, maximising production, reduce intervention cost, and extend the life of well. Baker Hughes has made impact in the oil and gas industry, from the reservoir to the refinery they have created value with high-performance in their products and services to analyze, drill, evaluate, complete and produce oil and gas reserves and then transport and refine these hydrocarbons. (Baker Hughes 2010) These are the emerging technologies in well completion and intervention Packers and flow controls: To increase profit by reducing risk and minimizing life of well cost. Subsurface safety system: reduce risk and increase profit using subsurface safety valves. Liner system and wellbore isolation: reduce risk and CAPLEX (Capital Expenses) Sand control pumping, tools, and services: ensures operational excellence in unconsolidated formation at less risk. Tubing conveyed perforation: achieve maximum production using efficient completion solution. Expandable solid tubular system: maximise hole size with significantly reduce non productive time (NPT). Fishing service: reduce the cost of wellbore problem. Casing exit: increase profit by accessing previously uneconomic reserves and bypassing trouble Remedial and stimulation: lower risk, boost effectiveness of remediation and stimulation operations. Baker Hughes has been know for success in technology innovation. Local teams are supported by global centers of excellence where scientists push the boundaries of value-adding technology to find solutions for progressively more complex technical challenges at dedicated innovation centers. (Baker Hughes 2010) IMPACT OF STRATEGIC POSITION The impact of strategy position has enhanced their productivity, efficiency and effectiveness in areas such as: Global Benefits Strategy, Labour and Management Relations, Employee Development, Recruiting and Retention, Global Workforce. Workforce_jobtype_region Workplace Diversity and Equal Opportunity Salary_ratio Turnover Employee_turnover Turnover_region_jobtype Baker Hughes strategic position will impact on a nations economy by implementing programs that provide sustainable benefits to the people and communities operation. Baker Hughes employment program is designed to promote diversity in workplace; varied experiences and skills are highly valued and applied toward common goals. These strategies are implemented through assurance of job opportunities for local citizens at every level of the organization. Also, training and development program to advance and succeed in their different careers. The governments, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, customers, and employees are engaged to address the social needs of community stakeholders, education is placed as a priority in baker Hughes worldwide contributions. Employees are supported by a culture which values workplace diversity, team work, together across geographies and product-lines to deliver advanced technology solutions. The technology program in baker Hughes promotes professionalism, development of science, engineering and employees with technical abilities in their career advancement opportunities based on their performances and contributions to baker Hughes. Global Learning and Development Program provides non-technical training to professionals in corporate and support roles. (Baker Hughes 2010) Baker Hughes is committed to national content to add people and its economy. Expanding its investments in advanced technology, developing oil and gas markets, identifying national content development, as a measure to operational success. Committed to promoting three key areas:ÂÂ  global workforce, local suppliers and communities. With focus on these areas like :ÂÂ  global workforce, local suppliers and communities, the region and each geomarket management team implement specific plans in adapting with governments legislation, and develop businesses, communities and its local citizens. Engaging customers as partner requires an organisation with the training and experience to deliver effectively. With global workforce, local citizens are represented in managerial, operations and technical positions collectively delivering. There is impact through talent acquisition program; by building students. Baker Hughes is aiming to continue increasing the composition of workplace and career development. In community level, national content is encouraged through social contributions, which are majorly focused on education. In expanding national content plans, baker Hughes is looking for opportunities to build on the success of existingÂÂ  educational programs. (Baker Hughes 2010) CONCLUSION Baker Hughes has invested significantly in people, infrastructure and technology. These investments served as the foundation for the next set of strategic actions designed to help increase market share and achieve long-term profitable growth. Increasing market share and achieving long-term profitable growth requires Baker Hughes to pursue two related enterprise strategies: continue to build global capabilities to serve customers around the world, and deploy customized local solutions to meet customers needs in each geographic market. For these strategies to be achieved, first, improve customer focus, that is understand customers and proactively meet their needs. Second, achieve operational effectiveness and improve overall cost position. Third, optimize existing technology portfolio and fill strategic gaps, including reservoir engineering capabilities and pressure pumping services. To meet this target, baker Hughes needs to carry out a major reorganization and targets more mergers an d acquisitions. (Baker Hughes 2010)